How central air conditioning works

1. Compression air conditioning refrigeration

When the air conditioner is in cooling operation, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas is inhaled by the compressor and then pressurized into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas releases heat in the outdoor heat exchanger (condensed by the condenser) and becomes The medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid is throttled and depressurized by the throttling component and then becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat in the indoor heat exchanger After evaporation, it becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas (the indoor air is cooled down through the surface of the heat exchanger to achieve the purpose of lowering the indoor temperature), so repeat cycle.

2. Air conditioning heating

When the air conditioner is in heating operation, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas is sucked in by the compressor and then pressurized into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas. The high temperature and high pressure refrigerant gas releases heat in the indoor heat exchanger and turns into a medium temperature and high pressure liquid (the indoor air is heated through the surface of the heat exchanger to achieve the purpose of increasing the indoor temperature). The medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid is then throttled and depressurized by the throttling component to become low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The low-temperature and low-pressure liquid absorbs heat and evaporates in the heat exchanger and turns into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas (outdoor air is cooled down through the surface of the heat exchanger). The low-temperature and low-pressure gas is then sucked in by the compressor, and so repeat cycle.

3. Air conditioning system components

There are four major components in an air conditioning system, which are the compressor, condenser, evaporator and throttling components.

3.1 Compressor

The compressor is the core of the entire air conditioning system and the source of system power. The power of the entire air conditioner is provided by the compressor. The compressor is equivalent to moving an object from a low potential to a high potential. In the air conditioner, its purpose is to compress the low-temperature gas into high-temperature gas through the compressor, and finally the gas exchanges heat with other media in the heat exchanger.

3.2 Heat Exchanger

According to the different functions in air conditioning, heat exchangers can be divided into condensers and evaporators.

(1) Condenser:

The function of the condenser is to cool the superheated vapor of the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor into a liquid or a gas-liquid mixture. The heat released by the refrigerant in the condenser is carried away by the cooling medium (water or air). Condensers can be divided into three types: water-cooled, air-cooled, and water-air mixed cooling according to their cooling medium and cooling method.

(2) Evaporator:

The function of the evaporator is to use the liquid low-temperature refrigerant to evaporate easily under low pressure, convert it into vapor and absorb the heat of the cooled medium to achieve the purpose of refrigeration.

3.3 throttling structure

Throttling component: The throttling component is one of the four indispensable components of the refrigeration system. Its function is to throttle and depressurize the high-pressure liquid from the condenser, so that the liquid refrigerant vaporizes and absorbs heat at low pressure (low temperature). Therefore, it is an important component to maintain high pressure in the condenser and low pressure in the evaporator.

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