Advantages of laser cutting machine processing technology

I. Introduction to the process

Laser cutting is a non-contact processing with high energy density and good controllability. It focuses the laser beam into a light spot with a minimum diameter of less than 0.1mm, so that the power density at the focal point can exceed 107W～108W/cm2. The irradiated material is quickly heated to the vaporization temperature and evaporates to form small holes. With the relative linear movement of the light beam and the material, the small hole continuously forms a slit with a width of about 0.1 mm. When cutting, an auxiliary gas compatible with the material to be cut is added to accelerate the melting of the material, blow away the slag or protect the cutting seam from oxidation.

Many metal materials, no matter what kind of hardness, can be cut with laser without deformation. Most organic and inorganic materials can be laser cut. Commonly used engineering materials, in addition to copper, including carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, and most nickel alloys, can be laser cut.

Two, the advantages of laser cutting

●The narrowest slit, the smallest heat-affected zone, minimal local deformation of the workpiece, and no mechanical deformation.

●It is a kind of non-contact processing with good controllability. No tool wear, any hardness material (including non-metal) can be cut.

● It has a wide range of adaptability and flexibility, easy to automate, and unlimited profiling cutting capabilities.

Compared with traditional plate cutting methods, laser cutting has obvious advantages. It has fast cutting speed and high production efficiency; good cutting quality, narrow cutting seams; good material adaptability and no tool wear; no matter simple or complex parts, it can be cut with laser precision and rapid forming at one time; high degree of automation, simple operation, The labor intensity is low and there is no pollution; the production cost is low and the economic benefits are good; the effective life cycle of the technology is long.

Compared with conventional processing methods, laser cutting also has obvious advantages. In the thermal cutting method, both oxygen combustible (such as acetylene) cutting and plasma cutting cannot concentrate energy on a very small area like a laser beam, resulting in wide cuts, large heat-affected zones and more obvious workpiece deformation. The oxygen combustible cutting equipment is small and the investment is small. It can cut steel plates up to 1m thick. It is a very flexible cutting tool, mainly used for cutting low carbon steel. However, due to its large heat-affected zone and low cutting speed, the incision is severely jagged and undulating. Therefore, it is rarely selected for cutting materials with a thickness of less than 20mm and requiring precise dimensions. The speed of plasma cutting is similar to that of laser cutting, which is significantly higher than that of acetylene flame cutting. But its cutting energy is low, the top of the cutting edge is rounded, and the cutting edge is obviously wavy. During operation, it is also necessary to prevent the damage to the operator caused by the ultraviolet radiation generated by the arc.

Compared with laser cutting, plasma cutting is slightly better in that it is more suitable for cutting thicker steel plates and aluminum alloys with high beam reflectivity. However, lasers can cut non-metals, while other thermal cutting methods cannot. In the mechanical stamping processing method, the die-punching method is used to produce large quantities of parts, which has the advantages of low parts cost and short production cycle. However, this method is difficult to adapt to changes in design. The equipment is dedicated, the manufacturing cycle is long, and the cost is high. For small and medium-sized enterprises, the specialty of laser cutting will be fully demonstrated. Laser cutting facilitates the close arrangement and cutting of workpieces, which saves materials compared to die punches that require more material allowance around each workpiece. For large and complex parts that need to be punched in sections, punching is required, which results in many small shell-shaped cutting edges on the cutting edge, resulting in a large amount of leftover material. For thin metal sawing, the cutting speed is much slower than laser cutting. Moreover, as a flexible non-contact, profiling cutting tool, the laser can cut in any direction from any point of the material. This is a point of excitement for sawing. EDM or wire cutting is used for fine processing of hard materials. Although the cut is relatively flat, the cutting speed is several orders of magnitude slower than laser cutting. Although water cutting can cut many non-metallic materials, the operating cost is relatively high.

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