What is the technical principle and cutting effect of the laser cutting machine?

The users who have used the laser cutting machine for a long time should be very aware of its technical principles and cutting effects. After a period of use, everyone can understand the advantages it exerts in the operation process. The content is also very familiar, but the editor has compiled some relevant content for everyone.

Engineer's introduction: Any kind of thermal cutting technology, except for a few cases, which can start from the edge of the board, generally a small hole must be drilled in the board. Previously, a punch was used to punch a hole on a laser punching compound machine, and then a laser was used to start cutting from the small hole. There are two basic methods of perforation for laser cutting machines without punching devices:

Blasting perforation-the material is irradiated by continuous laser to form a pit in the center, and then the molten material is quickly removed by the oxygen flow coaxial with the laser beam to form a hole. Generally, the size of the hole is related to the plate thickness. The average diameter of the blasting hole is half of the plate thickness. Therefore, the blasting hole diameter of the thicker plate is larger and not round. It is not suitable for use on the parts with higher processing accuracy. On the waste. In addition, since the oxygen pressure used for perforation is the same as that used for cutting, the splash is larger.

Pulse perforation--Using high peak power pulse laser to melt or vaporize a small amount of material. Air or nitrogen is often used as auxiliary gas to reduce the expansion of the hole due to exothermic oxidation. The gas pressure is lower than the oxygen pressure during cutting. Each pulse laser only produces small particle jets, which gradually penetrate deeper, so it takes a few seconds for the thick plate to perforate. Once the perforation is completed, immediately change the auxiliary gas to oxygen for cutting.

In this way, the diameter of the perforation is smaller, and the perforation quality is better than that of blasting perforation. For this reason, the laser used should not only have a higher output power; more importantly, the time and space characteristics of the beam, so the general cross-flow CO2 laser cannot meet the requirements of laser cutting. In addition, pulse perforation requires a more reliable gas path control system to realize the switching of gas types, gas pressure and perforation time control.

In the case of pulse perforation, in order to obtain a high-quality cut, the transition technology from pulse perforation when the workpiece is stationary to continuous cutting of the workpiece at constant velocity should be paid attention to. In theory, it is usually possible to change the cutting conditions of the acceleration section, such as focal length, nozzle position, gas pressure, etc., but in fact, it is unlikely to change the above conditions due to too short time. In industrial production, it is more realistic to mainly adopt the method of changing the average power of the laser. The specific method is to change the pulse width; change the pulse frequency; and change the pulse width and frequency at the same time. The actual results show that the third type has the best effect.

Analysis of the deformation of the small holes (small diameter and thickness) in the cutting process. This is because the machine tool (only for high-power laser cutting machines) does not adopt the method of blasting perforation when processing the small holes, but uses pulse perforation (soft Puncture) method, which makes the laser energy too concentrated in a small area, scorching the non-processing area, causing deformation of the hole and affecting the processing quality. At this time, we should change the pulse perforation (soft puncture) method to the blast perforation (ordinary puncture) method in the processing program to solve it. The opposite is true for laser cutting machines with lower power. Pulse perforation should be used to obtain a better surface finish when processing small holes.

The above description of the laser cutting machine can be said to be very comprehensive. If you encounter difficult problems in the later use process, you must find a way to solve it.

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