What is laser cutting: a complete guide to laser cutting machines

What is laser cutting? What is a laser cutting machine? The simple answer to this question is that it is a machine that uses lasers for cutting. It consists of a bed or platform on which the materials to be remodeled are placed. There is a laser cutting head assembly on the top of the bed. It is composed of a mirror and a condenser that can move in two dimensions. This lens focuses a beam of light, which will penetrate or engrave the material underneath. Laser cutting machine is suitable for delicate and complex work.

Laser cutting processing

Light cutting is the use of focused high The power density laser beam irradiates the workpiece to quickly melt, vaporize, ablate or reach the ignition point of the irradiated material. At the same time, the molten material is blown away by the high-speed airflow coaxial with the beam to cut the workpiece. Currently, CO2 pulsed lasers are generally used, and laser cutting is one of the thermal cutting methods.

Application range

The laser cutting machine has a wide range of applications. Regardless of metal or non-metal, you can cut non-metal, such as cloth, leather, etc., you can use CO2 laser cutting machine , Cutting metal can use fiber laser cutting machine. The deformation of the plate is small.

Cutting thickness

The industrial application of laser cutting carbon steel is generally below 20mm. The cutting capacity is generally below 40mm. Stainless steel industrial applications are generally below 16mm, and the cutting capacity is generally below 25mm. And as the thickness of the workpiece increases, the cutting speed decreases significantly.

Cutting speed

Using a laser with a power of 1200W to cut 2mm thick low-carbon steel plate, the cutting speed can reach 600cm/min; cutting 5mm thick polypropylene resin plate, the cutting speed can be Up to 1200cm/min. The cutting efficiency that can be achieved by wire EDM is generally 20-60 square millimeters/minute, and the height can reach 300 square millimeters/minute; obviously, the laser cutting speed is fast and can be used for mass production.

Cutting precision

The laser cutting incision is narrow, the two sides of the incision are parallel and perpendicular to the surface, and the dimensional accuracy of the cut parts can reach ±0.2mm.

Cut width

Laser cutting is more refined than plasma cutting, and the kerf is smaller, about 0.5mm.

Cutting surface quality

The surface roughness of laser cutting is not as good as water cutting, the thicker the material, the more obvious.

Production cost

Laser cutting machines have different prices for different uses. Cheap ones such as carbon dioxide laser cutting machines only cost 20,000 to 30,000, and expensive ones such as 1000W fiber laser cutting. The machine now costs more than one million. Laser cutting has no consumables, but the equipment investment cost is very high among all cutting methods, and it is not a little bit higher, and the maintenance cost is also quite high.

Laser cutting parameters include cutting speed, power, gas cutting, etc. , Laser cutting analyzes the cutting quality and cutting efficiency separately, and analyzes the impact of different types, but through the combination of laser cutting to achieve various parameters required for a good configuration, different factories will pay special attention to quality and efficiency to a certain extent according to the cost structure And weigh.

1. Cutting speed. Laser cutting laser head can move along the part shape in unit time. The higher the laser cutting speed, the shorter the cutting time, and the higher the laser cutting production efficiency. However, when other parameters are fixed, the laser cutting speed is not linearly related to the cutting quality. A reasonable cutting speed is a range value. Below this range value, the energy of the laser beam remains too much on the surface of the part to form excessive combustion. If the range value is exceeded, the energy of the laser beam is too late to completely melt the part material, resulting in The cut is impenetrable.

2. Laser output power. The laser output power is the output energy of the laser system, and laser cutting represents the ability of the laser beam to melt materials per unit time.

3. Focus position. The laser output is focused on the point with the highest power density through a special lens. The focal spot diameter is proportional to the focal depth of the focusing lens. Laser cutting is mainly based on the different thickness settings at different positions. The correct focus position is an important condition for obtaining stable cutting quality. The cutting quality of laser cutting is related to the laser beam, but also related to the characteristics of the laser beam focusing system, that is, laser cutting The size of the laser beam after focusing has a great influence on the quality of laser cutting.

4. The pressure of the auxiliary gas. An incision is formed in the gap. Proper air pressure can help speed up the laser cutting speed, and the auxiliary gas pressure also affects the cutting efficiency of the fiber laser cutting machine. If the thickness of the laser cutting material increases or the cutting speed is slow, the gas pressure should be appropriately reduced. Cutting with lower air pressure can prevent frosting.

5. Nozzle distance. The focused laser is applied to the surface of the part through a copper nozzle. The distance between the workpiece and the laser nozzle is called the distance of the nozzle. The distance from the nozzle to the part is measured based on flow and pressure. The blowing force of the gas that is too far away is too large, and the exhaust gas flow is too large, which will affect the splashing. The appropriate distance is 0.8-1.0mm. Choose different types of nozzles according to different material thicknesses.

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