Basic knowledge of laser cutting1

What basic knowledge do you need to master in laser cutting? Today, our Hongte Laser Company will introduce to you:

When the focused laser beam irradiates the workpiece, the irradiated area will rise sharply, causing the material to melt or vaporize. As soon as the laser beam penetrates the workpiece, the cutting process begins: the laser beam moves along the contour line while melting the material. Usually a jet is used to blow away the melt at the cut, leaving a narrow gap between the cut part and the frame, which is almost the same width as the focused laser beam.

Flame cutting

Flame cutting is a standard process for cutting mild steel, using oxygen as the cutting gas. Oxygen is pressurized to 6 bar, and then blown into the incision. There, the heated metal reacts with oxygen: it starts to burn and oxidize. The chemical reaction releases a large amount of energy (up to 5 times the laser energy) to assist laser beam cutting.

Melting cutting

Melting cutting is another standard process for cutting metal. It can also be used to cut other fusible materials, such as ceramics.

Use nitrogen or argon as the cutting gas, and blow the gas pressure of 2-20bar through the incision. Both argon and nitrogen are inert gases, which means that they will not react with the molten metal in the incision, just blow them to the bottom. At the same time, the inert gas can protect the cutting edge from being oxidized by air.

Compressed air cutting

Compressed air can also be used to cut thin steel plates. The air pressure of 5-6bar is enough to blow away the molten metal in the incision. Since nearly 80% of the air is nitrogen, compressed air cutting is basically fusion cutting.

Plasma-assisted cutting

If the parameters are selected properly, plasma clouds will appear in the plasma-assisted cutting incision. The plasma cloud is composed of ionized metal vapor and ionized cutting gas. The plasma cloud absorbs the energy of the CO2 laser and converts it into a workpiece, so that more energy is coupled to the workpiece, the material melts faster, and the cutting speed is faster. Therefore, this cutting process is also called high-speed plasma cutting.

In fact, compared to solid lasers, plasma clouds are transparent, so CO2 lasers can only be used for plasma-assisted melting and cutting.

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